The securities markets in India provide a platform for raising capital and trading financial instruments such as equities, bonds, derivatives, and mutual funds. These markets are broadly categorized into the primary market, where new securities are issued to raise capital, and the secondary market, where existing securities are bought and sold among investors. The securities markets are governed by regulatory frameworks established by Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), and other statutory bodies to ensure fairness, transparency, and investor protection. Stock exchanges like the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE) facilitate efficient price discovery and liquidity for a wide range of securities. Participants in these markets include retail and institutional investors, brokers, depositories, custodians, and clearing corporations. The securities market plays a pivotal role in economic development by mobilizing savings, allocating capital efficiently, and fostering corporate governance. Understanding its functioning helps investors make informed decisions, manage risks, and contribute to the broader financial system.